INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIACHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONInformation
technology is a technology that is used to process the data, including
processing, obtain, compile, store, manipulate data in different ways to
produce quality information, the information is relevant, accurate and
timely, which is used for personal, educational, business , and the government and is a strategic information for decision making. This
technology uses a computer to process the data, the network system to
connect one computer to another computer as needed, and the use of
telecommunications technology so that data can be distributed and
accessed globally. Roles
that can be provided by the application of information technology and
communication technology is getting information to personal life such as
information about health, hobbies, recreation, and spiritual. Then for professions such as science, technology, trade, business news, and professional associations. Means
of cooperation between individuals or groups with one person or a group
of others without knowing the limits of distance and time, country,
race, economic class, ideology or other factors that may hinder the
exchange of thoughts. The
development of information technology and communication technology spur
a new way of life, from the beginning until the end of life, life as it
is known by e-life, meaning of life has been influenced by a variety of
electronic needs. And
now these are lively with various letters that start with the prefix
e-like e-commerce, e-government, e-education, e-library, e-journals,
e-medicine, e-laboratory, e-biodiversitiy, and others again based electronics. EVOLUTION OF GLOBAL ECONOMY 1. Agriculture
economics, until two hundred years ago the world economy is agrarian in
which one of its main characteristics is the ground is the most
dominant factor. 2. Industrial
Economics, after the industrial revolution, the invention of the steam
engine, the global economy has evolved toward an industrial economy with
capital as its main characteristic is the most important factor of
production. 3. Information
economy, this time, humans tend to occupy a central place in the
production process, because the economic phase we are moving into is
based on knowledge (knowledge based) and focuses on the information
(information focused). In this case the role of telecommunications and information technology as a key technology (technology enabler). Advances
in information technology and telecommunications so rapidly, allowing
the implementation of new ways for more efficient production,
distribution and consumption of goods and services. It is this process that brings people into the Society or Information Economy. This new community is also often referred to as the post-industrial society. Whatever
you call it, in the information age, physical distance or geographical
distance is no longer a factor in human relations or inter-agency
effort, so that the universe becomes a hamlet universe or "Global
village". So often we hear the term "distance is dead" or "distance is dead", which became more and more fulfilled. In our lives in the future, information technology and telecommunications sector is the most dominant sector. Anyone who mastered this technology, then he will be a leader in his world.CHAPTER 2 DEVELOPMENT, IMPLIED, AND USE IT AND TK IN IT DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION IN INDONESIA AND TK IN INDONESIA• Technology Releases Since I PELITA technologies such as radio and television broadcasts have been programmed. Indeed,
facilities and infrastructure at that time does not exist or has not
been adequate, but with the development of broadcasting technologies,
such as direct broadcast satellite and re-low-power transmitters, has
enabled the achievement of the entire country. This
technology continues to develop until the next Pelita, which later
evolved with the advent of private television and local broadcast
television networks. • Satellite Communications Since 1976, Indonesia has entered the modern era with the operation SKSD information Palapa I. Satellite communications system is a unique need for Indonesia, because of the circumstances and geography. The
basic consideration is the development of this system for the purposes
of education, information, entertainment, government, business, defense,
and industrial. • The development of computer hardware computer going very fast. In addition muatnya greater power, speed of operation is also higher. If
ten years ago microprocessor computer capable of accessing the memory
at speeds perjutaan seconds, then the current speed is calculated by
permiiliar (nano) seconds. Computer
desk or personal computer is now no longer seen as a luxury item, but
rather as an essential requirement to be able to follow the progress. Arguably no one kantorpun who do not own and operate a computer. •
Technology Video (Video Recorder) video teknolofi developments in line
with the development of communication and computer, although its main
orientation is for entertainment purposes. TI
AND DEVELOPMENT EXPERTS FORECAST BY TK From the first since before the
widespread use of IT and TK in life and in education in particular,
experts have revealed his prediction of the use of IT and the
kindergarten. Here we discuss some of the predictions of experts. "Globalization
has triggered a shift in education from a conventional to-face
education towards a more open education" (M. Mukhopadhyay, 1995). As an example we look at the French project "Flexible Learning". This
is reminiscent of Ivan Illich forecast early 70s on "Education without
school (Deschooling Socieiy)," which is extreme teacher is no longer
needed. Bishop G. (1989)
predicted that the future of education will be supple (flexible), open,
and accessible to anyone who requires no view factor type, age, and
previous educational experience. Mason R. (1994)
argue that the future of education will be determined by the
information network that allows interaction and collaboration, rather
than building schools. Tony
Bates (1995) states that technology can improve the quality and range
when used wisely for education and training, and has great significance
for the economic well-being. Alisjahbana I. (1966) suggested that the approach to education and training will be "At that moment (Just on Time). New teaching techniques will be two-way, collaborative, and inter-disciplinary. Romiszowski & Mason (1996) predicts the use of "Computer-based Multimedia Communication (CMC). Of
the forecast and the views of scholars above it can be concluded that
with the influence of globalization, the future of education will be
more open and two-way, diverse, multidisciplinary, and productivity
related to work "on the spot" and competitive.DEVELOPMENTS
AND IMPLICATIONS IN IT AND IT EDUCATION IN INDONESIA trends and
implications of the development of education in Indonesia in the future
are: 1. Development of open education by distance learning mode (Distance Learning). 2. Resource sharing between agencies with education / training within a network. 3. The use of interactive information technology devices, such as CD-ROM Multimedia, in education gradually replace TV and Video. DISTANCE
LEARNING With the development of information technology in education,
so when it is already possible to place a distance learning by using the
internet to connect between students and lecturers, see the value of
online students, financial checks, view class schedules, send the task given lecturers and so on, all of it had to do. A
major factor in distance learning which has been considered a problem
is the lack of interaction between faculty and students. However,
with the internet media is very possible to make the interaction
between faculty and students in the form of real time (real time) or
not. In
the form of real time can be done for example in a chatroom, direct
interaction with real audio or real video, and online meetings. Its not real time can be done by mailing lists, discussion groups, newsgroups, and bulletin board. With the above faculty and student interaction in the classroom may be replaced, although not 100%. Material
forms, exams, quizzes and other educational means can also be
implemented into the web, like material made in the form of faculty
presentations on the web and can be downloaded by the students. Similarly, the exams and quizzes created by faculty can also be done in the same way. Administrative
settlement can also be solved directly in the registration process, let
alone supported with online payment methods. A
web-based distance education, among others, should have the following
elements: (1) student activities center; as a web-based distance
learning community should be able to make this facility as a place for
student activities, which can increase the ability of students, reading
course material, looking for information and so on. (2) The interaction within the group; Students can interact with each other to discuss the materials provided lecturers. Lecturers can be present in this group to give a little review of the material provided. (3)
student administration system; whereby students can view information
about the status of students, student achievement, and so on. (4)
Study material and exam; Usually professors often hold a short quiz and
assignments aimed at deepening of what has been taught and do a test at
the end of the study period. It
should also be anticipated by web-based distance learning (5) Digital
Libraries; In this section, there are a variety of library information,
are not limited to books but also on digital libraries such as sound,
images and so on. This section is to support and shape database. (6) online material beyond the course material; To support the lectures, reading materials are also needed from other web. Therefore
in this section, faculty and students can be directly involved in
providing other materials for publication to other students via the web.
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